1.1路桥施工中的搅拌机械

1.1 mixing machinery in road and bridge construction

搅拌机械由加料、卸料、拌筒、传动、输水、排水、支撑、原动机、机架等装置组成，用于混合、搅拌施工材料(水、水泥、混凝土、砂石)的一种常用的施工机械。以强制式、自落式这两种功能的搅拌机在我国多为常见。

Mixing machine is composed of feeding, discharging, mixing barrel, transmission, water conveyance, drainage, support, prime mover, frame and other devices. It is a common construction machine used for mixing and mixing construction materials (water, cement, concrete, sand and stone). Forced and self falling mixers are common in China.

强制式搅拌机：分为单卧轴式搅拌机和双卧轴式搅拌机，由拌筒上的自由旋转臂叶片，成交叉流向搅拌均匀施工物料。此种搅拌机械适用于干硬性、轻骨料的施工物料，搅拌性能高于自落式搅拌机。

Forced mixer: it is divided into single horizontal shaft mixer and double horizontal shaft mixer. The free rotating arm blades on the mixing drum form a cross flow direction to evenly mix the construction materials. This kind of mixing machine is suitable for the construction materials of hard and light aggregate, and its mixing performance is higher than that of self falling mixer.

自落式搅拌机：对比强制式搅拌机而言，结构略显简单化。滚筒搅拌叶片成水平状围绕轴线，顺时针运作，物料被提升高度后落下，以此循环进行搅拌，自落式搅拌机主要适用于塑性。

Self falling mixer: compared with forced mixer, the structure is slightly simplified. The stirring blades of the drum are horizontal and operate clockwise around the axis. The materials are lifted and then fall down. The self falling mixer is mainly suitable for plastic mixing.

1.2路桥施工中搅拌机械的常见故障

1.2 common faults of mixing machinery in road and bridge construction

1.2.1搅拌机械的内部异物

1.2.1 internal foreign matter of mixing machine

路桥施工中的搅拌机械是搅拌水泥、颗粒状骨料(石子、沙子)、水、混凝土等物料。在搅拌作业的过程中,拌筒内璧会被施工物料损耗。如果作业后没有得到清理，会导致搅拌机械拌筒内的异物变干、变硬、腐蚀、凝固等，这会影响搅拌叶片在搅拌运作中形成更大的损耗。

The mixing machinery in road and bridge construction is to mix cement, granular aggregate (stone, sand), water, concrete and other materials. In the process of mixing operation, the inner wall of mixing drum will be damaged by construction materials. If it is not cleaned after operation, it will cause the foreign matters in the mixing drum of the mixing machine to dry, harden, corrode, solidify, etc., which will affect the mixing blade to form greater loss in the mixing operation.

1.2.2搅拌机械的轴端密封

1.2.2 shaft end seal of mixing machine

轴端是搅拌机械的核心部件，用以连接电动机和滚筒之间的传动装置。搅拌机械通常会被实施密封处理，但是在实际的路桥施工中，搅拌机械的轴端会被物料粉尘、灰尘等异物覆盖。当物料输送至拌筒后，轴端会被污染，这将加重轴瓦、轴承硬件的损耗。如果出现注油不及时、注油系统障碍、注油堵塞等情况，将会对搅拌机械造成不可逆的损伤。

The shaft end is the core part of the mixing machine, which is used to connect the transmission device between the motor and the drum. Mixing machinery is usually sealed, but in the actual road and bridge construction, the shaft end of mixing machinery will be covered by material dust, dust and other foreign matters. When the material is transported to the mixing drum, the shaft end will be polluted, which will aggravate the loss of bearing bush and bearing hardware. If the oil injection is not timely, the oil injection system is obstructed, and the oil injection is blocked, it will cause irreversible damage to the mixing machine.

1.2.3搅拌机械的除尘

1.2.3 dust removal of mixing machinery

路桥施工中所用到的物料，需要计量、投料等用量计算，才能投入至搅拌机械进行搅拌作业。当粉料、骨料投入到搅拌机械的计量容器、拌筒时，需要排气。搅拌机械的排气过程中会使得路桥施工用料成粉尘状外扬，从而形成恶的施工作业环境。造成料斗滑道位置不正的问题,这将严重缩短搅拌机械的使用寿命。

The materials used in road and bridge construction need to be measured and calculated before they can be put into the mixing machine for mixing operation. When the powder and aggregate are put into the metering container and mixing drum of the mixing machine, the exhaust gas is needed. The exhaust process of mixing machine will make the road and bridge construction materials into dust, thus forming a bad construction environment. The position of the chute of the hopper is not correct, which will seriously shorten the service life of the mixing machine.

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